Seyfettin  Ünlü - <div><br></div><div>Akyüz, Vecdi and Ünlü, Seyfettin (eds.). İslam Geleneğinden Günümüze Şehir ve Yerel Yönetimler. İstanbul: İlker Yayınları, 1996, 2 vols., 900pp.</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">ملخص</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-weight: bold;">الإدارة المدنية المحلية منذ بداية العصر الإسلامي حتى الوقت الحاضر</span></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-style: italic;">İslam GeleneğInden Günümüze Şehir ve Yerel Yönetimler</span></div><div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-style: italic;"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">ﺟﻤﻊ
اﻟﻤﺤﺮران وﺟﺪي أﻛﯿﻮز و ﺳﯿﻔﺘﯿﻦ أوﻧﻠﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﺪي اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻋﺪة ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯿﻦ ﺗُﺴﺘﮭﻞ
ﺑﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻤﮭﯿﺪﯾﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮة و ﻣﺪى اﻧﺴﺠﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻨﻰ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ
اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ و اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺮ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ﻣﺤﻤﺪ و ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻹﻣﺒﺮاطﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ
ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة و اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ و ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ. و ﻓﻲ
ھﺬا اﻟﺴﯿﺎق، ﯾﺴﻌﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ
و اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ اﻻﺳﺘﯿﻄﺎن اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ و آﻟﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت
اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ.</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">و ﻗﺪ
ﻛُﺮﱢﺳَﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺑﺪاﯾﺎت ظﮭﻮر اﻟﻤﺪن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﺸﺮح اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة
و اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ظﮭﻮر اﻟﻤﺪن و ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة ﻛﻤﺎ ذُﻛِﺮَت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮآن و ﻓﻲ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻔﻜﺮﯾﻦ
اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﻔﺎراﺑﻲ </span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">«</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﻰ ﻋﺎم ٩٥٠م</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">»</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"> و اﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻀﻮﻟﻲ </span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">«</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﻰ ﻋﺎم ١٥٥٦م</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">»</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">.</span><br></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><br></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">و ﯾﻘﺪم
اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻠﯿﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ طﺮأت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ و ذﻟﻚ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ
ﯾﺨﺺ اﻟﺴﻜﻦ و اﻹدارة و اﻷﺳﻮاق و ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ و اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ و اﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎم و اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺰھﺎت
و اﻟﺤﺪاﺋﻖ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺮ و ﺷﺆون دﻓﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺗﻰ. ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺨﺼﺺ ﻗﺴﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت
اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ظﻞ اﻟﺨﻼﻓﺘﯿﻦ اﻷﻣﻮﯾﺔ و اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﯿﺔ، و ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻼ
ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﯿﺔ آﻧﺬاك ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻘﻀﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﺒﻨﻰ اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ
و اﻟﮭﺠﺮة و ﺗﻨﻘﻼت اﻟﺴﻜﺎن و اﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎم و اﻷوزان و اﻟﻤﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ و اﻟﺪﻛﺎﻛﯿﻦ و اﻷﺳﻌﺎر. و ﯾﻐﻄﻲ
اﻟﻜﺘﺎب أﯾﻀﺎ اﻟﻔﺘﺮﺗﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﯿﺔ و اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ و ﯾﻨﺎﻗﺶ أھﻤﯿﺔ دور اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿﺔ
ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾُﻌﺮّج ﻋﻠﻰ أول اﻟﺤﻜﺎم اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﯿﻦ و اﻹﻗﻠﯿﻤﯿﯿﻦ ﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ إﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﺣﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﺎھﻤﺎﺗﮭﻢ
ﺗﺠﺎه ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ.</span><br></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><br></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">و ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ
ﻣﻦ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺔ، إﻻ أﻧﮫ ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ
إﺷﺎرات ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻟﻠﻨﻈﻢ اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺎﺋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ. و ﺗﺘﻨﺎول
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﮫ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺨﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﮭﺪﺗﮭﺎ اﻹدارات اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﮭﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﺎش
ﺑﺘﻨﺎول ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﺤﺰب اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ و ﻣﺎ ﺗﻼھﺎ وﺻﻮﻻ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺴﻌﯿﻨﯿﺎت اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ؛ و ھﻮ ﻣﺎ
ﯾﺪﻓﻌﻨﺎ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ﺑﺄن اﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ ﺗﻌﻮد ﻓﻲ أﺳﺴﮭﺎ ﻟﺜﻼﺛﯿﻨﯿﺎت
اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ و ﺑﺎﻷﺧﺺ ﻓﻲ إطﺎرھﺎ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ اﻹداري. و ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺴﯿﺎق ﯾﺘﻢ طﺮح ﻓﻜﺮة ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ
ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺤﺰب اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ رؤﯾﺔ اﻹدارات اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﺔ، ﻓﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ روؤﺳﺎء اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ
اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﯿﻨﯿﺎت و ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﯾﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ أن
ﺗﻨﺘﺨﺐ روؤﺳﺎءھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻋﻀﺎﺋﮭﺎ. إﻻ أن إﺣﺪى ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻻت ﺗﻨﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ و
ﺗﺆﻛﺪ أن اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻮد ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">.</span><br></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><br></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">و ﯾﻨﻈﺮ
اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﻮاء اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻘﺮاطﻲ و ﻣﺴﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺘﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻨﺬ أن دﺧﻞ دﺳﺘﻮر ﻋﺎم
١٩٢١ﺣﯿﺰ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﻣﻔﮭﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن و ﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺪن. و ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ
ﻟﮭﺎﻟﯿﻞ إﯾﻨﺎﻟﺠﯿﻚ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﺳﻢ </span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">«</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">إﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل: اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯿﺔ</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">»</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"> و ﺗﺘﻨﺎول ﺳﻘﻮط اﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﯿﻨﯿﺔ و ﺗﺤﻮﻟﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ </span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">«</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">إﺳﻼﻣﺒﻮل</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">»</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">. و ﯾﺸﺘﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻤﺪن
اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺮدة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻷﺧﺮى ﻛﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺳﯿﻮاس ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﮭﺪ اﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﻲ و ﻣﺪن ﺗﻤﺒﻜﺘﻮ
و ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ و ﻓﺎس و ﻗﺮطﺒﺔ</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">.</span><br></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><br></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="right"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL">وزﻏﻲ ﺳﻮﯾﻠﻮ ﺑﻮزداغ<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="right"><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL">ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ھﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪرة</span><span lang="AR-IQ" dir="RTL"><o:p></o:p></span></p></span></span></span></span></span></div>
الإدارة المدنية المحلية منذ بداية العصر الإسلامي حتى الوقت الحاضر
Type
abstract
Year
2014

Akyüz, Vecdi and Ünlü, Seyfettin (eds.). İslam Geleneğinden Günümüze Şehir ve Yerel Yönetimler. İstanbul: İlker Yayınları, 1996, 2 vols., 900pp.

ملخص

الإدارة المدنية المحلية منذ بداية العصر الإسلامي حتى الوقت الحاضر

İslam GeleneğInden Günümüze Şehir ve Yerel Yönetimler

ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺮران وﺟﺪي أﻛﯿﻮز و ﺳﯿﻔﺘﯿﻦ أوﻧﻠﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﺪي اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻋﺪة ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯿﻦ ﺗُﺴﺘﮭﻞ ﺑﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻤﮭﯿﺪﯾﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮة و ﻣﺪى اﻧﺴﺠﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻨﻰ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ و اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺮ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ﻣﺤﻤﺪ و ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻹﻣﺒﺮاطﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة و اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ و ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ. و ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺴﯿﺎق، ﯾﺴﻌﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ و اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ اﻻﺳﺘﯿﻄﺎن اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ و آﻟﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ.

و ﻗﺪ ﻛُﺮﱢﺳَﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺑﺪاﯾﺎت ظﮭﻮر اﻟﻤﺪن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﺸﺮح اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة و اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ظﮭﻮر اﻟﻤﺪن و ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة ﻛﻤﺎ ذُﻛِﺮَت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮآن و ﻓﻲ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻔﻜﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﻔﺎراﺑﻲ «اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﻰ ﻋﺎم ٩٥٠م» و اﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻀﻮﻟﻲ «اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﻰ ﻋﺎم ١٥٥٦م».

و ﯾﻘﺪم اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻠﯿﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ طﺮأت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ و ذﻟﻚ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺨﺺ اﻟﺴﻜﻦ و اﻹدارة و اﻷﺳﻮاق و ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ و اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ و اﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎم و اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺰھﺎت و اﻟﺤﺪاﺋﻖ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺮ و ﺷﺆون دﻓﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺗﻰ. ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺨﺼﺺ ﻗﺴﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ظﻞ اﻟﺨﻼﻓﺘﯿﻦ اﻷﻣﻮﯾﺔ و اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﯿﺔ، و ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻼ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﯿﺔ آﻧﺬاك ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻘﻀﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﺒﻨﻰ اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾﺔ و اﻟﮭﺠﺮة و ﺗﻨﻘﻼت اﻟﺴﻜﺎن و اﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎم و اﻷوزان و اﻟﻤﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ و اﻟﺪﻛﺎﻛﯿﻦ و اﻷﺳﻌﺎر. و ﯾﻐﻄﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب أﯾﻀﺎ اﻟﻔﺘﺮﺗﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﯿﺔ و اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ و ﯾﻨﺎﻗﺶ أھﻤﯿﺔ دور اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾُﻌﺮّج ﻋﻠﻰ أول اﻟﺤﻜﺎم اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﯿﻦ و اﻹﻗﻠﯿﻤﯿﯿﻦ ﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ إﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﺣﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﺎھﻤﺎﺗﮭﻢ ﺗﺠﺎه ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ.

و ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺔ، إﻻ أﻧﮫ ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ إﺷﺎرات ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻟﻠﻨﻈﻢ اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺎﺋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ. و ﺗﺘﻨﺎول ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﮫ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺨﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﮭﺪﺗﮭﺎ اﻹدارات اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﮭﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﺎش ﺑﺘﻨﺎول ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﺤﺰب اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ و ﻣﺎ ﺗﻼھﺎ وﺻﻮﻻ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺴﻌﯿﻨﯿﺎت اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ؛ و ھﻮ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺪﻓﻌﻨﺎ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ﺑﺄن اﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻹدارﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ ﺗﻌﻮد ﻓﻲ أﺳﺴﮭﺎ ﻟﺜﻼﺛﯿﻨﯿﺎت اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ و ﺑﺎﻷﺧﺺ ﻓﻲ إطﺎرھﺎ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ اﻹداري. و ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺴﯿﺎق ﯾﺘﻢ طﺮح ﻓﻜﺮة ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺤﺰب اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ رؤﯾﺔ اﻹدارات اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﺔ، ﻓﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ روؤﺳﺎء اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﯿﻨﯿﺎت و ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﯾﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ أن ﺗﻨﺘﺨﺐ روؤﺳﺎءھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻋﻀﺎﺋﮭﺎ. إﻻ أن إﺣﺪى ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻻت ﺗﻨﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ و ﺗﺆﻛﺪ أن اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻮد ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم.

و ﯾﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﻮاء اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻘﺮاطﻲ و ﻣﺴﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺘﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻨﺬ أن دﺧﻞ دﺳﺘﻮر ﻋﺎم ١٩٢١ﺣﯿﺰ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﻣﻔﮭﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن و ﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺪن. و ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﮭﺎﻟﯿﻞ إﯾﻨﺎﻟﺠﯿﻚ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﺳﻢ «إﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل: اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯿﺔ» و ﺗﺘﻨﺎول ﺳﻘﻮط اﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﯿﻨﯿﺔ و ﺗﺤﻮﻟﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ «إﺳﻼﻣﺒﻮل». و ﯾﺸﺘﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻤﺪن اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺮدة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻷﺧﺮى ﻛﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺳﯿﻮاس ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﮭﺪ اﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﻲ و ﻣﺪن ﺗﻤﺒﻜﺘﻮ و ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ و ﻓﺎس و ﻗﺮطﺒﺔ.

وزﻏﻲ ﺳﻮﯾﻠﻮ ﺑﻮزداغ

ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ھﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪرة

Citation
Soylu Bozdag, Ozge. '"Arabic abstract Urban and Local Administration: From the Early Islamic Period to the Present'". Translated by Hala Adra. In Cities as Built and Lived Environments: Scholarship from Muslim Contexts, 1875 to 2011, by Aptin Khanbaghi. 458. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014.
Authorities
Collections
Copyright
Muslim Civilisations abstract the Aga Khan University
Country
Türkiye
Language
Arabic
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